What is actually in there

Location. If location services were on for the camera, the file holds latitude, longitude and often altitude. That is usually precise enough to identify a building, not just an area.

Time. The capture timestamp, frequently with the time zone, which tells a reader where in the world you were as surely as the coordinates do.

Device. Make, model, lens, and on many cameras a body serial number that links every photo you have ever posted to the same camera.

Edits. The software used, and sometimes a thumbnail generated *before* your edits — which has occasionally revealed the uncropped version of a cropped photo.

Who sees it and who does not

Large social platforms strip most metadata when they re-encode an upload, so a photo posted to Instagram or Facebook usually arrives clean. That is a side effect of their processing, not a promise, and it does not apply to the copy they keep.

Everything else generally passes it straight through: email attachments, chat apps that send "as a file" or "as a document", cloud links, forums, marketplace listings, and anything you upload to a small site.

Reading it needs no skill. Right-click → Properties on Windows, Get Info on a Mac, or drop the photo into the photo metadata viewer, which sorts every field into where, when, who and which device, and says plainly whether it’s safe to send.

When it is worth stripping

Selling something online, posting from home, sharing a photo of a child, anything involving an address, and any picture attached to a pseudonymous account. In each case the location and timestamp say more than the picture does.

Remove metadata deletes GPS, camera identifiers and timestamps while leaving the pixels untouched — no re-encode, no quality loss. It runs in your browser, which matters here more than anywhere: uploading a photo to a website to remove its location data means handing that location data to the website.

Keep the original if the metadata is useful to you. Capture dates are what photo libraries sort by, and stripping them from your own archive is a thing people regret.